Mining manganese nodules: Potential economic and ...
Abstract This article examines the economic implications of mining or of not mining manganese nodules and summarizes potential ecological consequences. Apart from possible net economic benefits to certain countries, mining the nodules is not regarded as an economic or strategic necessity.
Mining manganese nodules: Potential economic and ...
The potential economic costs of cartelization could be substantial in the case of manganese, but are probably not significant for cobalt, copper or nickel. 23 If manganese supplies from deep-sea nodules prevent prices from rising above current levels, it is estimated that the net economic benefit to the USA would be between $750 million and $1.1 billion (1978 dollars).
Project Azorian: Howard Hughes secret mission, which ...
Apr 25, 2018 · The expert who first pointed out the economic potential of manganese nodules was John Mero, who audaciously stated that if only 10 percent of the nodules were to be mined, they could provide enough metal to support a world of 20 billion people for thousands of years.
Manganese Nodule Mining and Economic Rent
Manganese Nodule Mining and Economic Rent Nina W. Cornell ... which are currently attracting attention as a potential source of several hard minerals. As owner, the international community would be entitled to regulate the conditions under which the nodules might ... In fact the mining of manganese nodules is most unlikely to be a
Mining Manganese Nodules Potential Economic And – xinhai
Mining Manganese Nodules Potential Economic And Manganese in Water, Mangese Nodules, Manganese Facts, Metallic Nodules, Eductor Design for Mining of Manganese Nodules, Manganese Mines in South Africa, Manganese Nodule Formation, Ferromanganese Nodules, Manganese Mines, Cross Section of Manganese Nodule, Nickel Nodule, Manganese Element Photos, Manganese Nodules in Soil, Magnesium Nodules ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 10004457 - Mining Deep ...
This Bureau of Mines report describes an investigation of factors influencing economic viability of a proposed system to mine and process manganese nodules. The system consists of hydraulic dredging and ammonia leach processing designed to recover three metals: nickel, copper, and cobalt. A ferromanganese recovery plant is a considered option.
Manganese nodules « World Ocean Review
The mining, pumping and cleaning of the manganese nodules creates noise and vibrations, which disturb marine mammals such as dolphins, and could force them to flee from their natural area. The sediment-laden water produced by the cleaning of manganese nodules is released into the sea from the ships. A sediment cloud is also created here.
Industrial Uses of Major Metals that ... - Deep sea mining
commercial exploitation of manganese nodules, fluctuating world metal prices, mining technology development, metal grades and other factors will continue to dictate the economic viability of any future mining operations. Sufficient high grade nodules must be harvested to make a profit rather than simply gathering and processing
Manganese nodule | mineralogy | Britannica
In mining: The seafloor …yet exploited) are phosphorite and manganese nodules. From an economic standpoint the manganese nodules (actually concretions of manganese dioxide) are more important. These nodules are found in a variety of physical forms, but the average size is …
EconPapers: Mining manganese nodules: Potential economic ...
Mining manganese nodules: Potential economic and environmental effects ag] Joel P. Clark and Marian R. Neutra. Resources Policy, 1983, vol. 9, issue 2, 99-109 Date: 1983 References: Add references at CitEc Citations View citations in EconPapers (2) Track citations by RSS feed.
A comprehensive approach for a techno-economic assessment ...
Feb 21, 2018 · Mine planning of land-based mineral deposits follows well-established methods. The deep sea is currently under exploration, but mine planning approaches are still lacking. A spatial planning tool to assess the techno-economic requirements and implications of manganese nodule mining on deep-sea deposits is proposed in this paper. The comprehensive approach has been validated using …
Manganese nodules - USGS
This is still the area considered of greatest economic potential in the global ocean because of high nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and Mn contents and the dense distribution of nodules in the area. While the mining of nodules was fully expected to begin in the late 1970s or early 1980s, this never occurred due to a downturn in the price of metals ...
Deep sea mining - Wikipedia
Deep sea mining is a mineral retrieval process that takes place on the ocean floor.Ocean mining sites are usually around large areas of polymetallic nodules or active and extinct hydrothermal vents at 1,400 to 3,700 metres (4,600 to 12,100 ft) below the ocean’s surface. The vents create globular or massive sulfide deposits, which contain valuable metals such as silver, gold, copper ...
Mining manganese nodules : Potential economic and ...
Bertram, Christine & Krätschell, Anna & OBrien, Killian & Brückmann, Warner & Proelss, Alexander, 2011. "Metalliferous sediments in the Atlantis II Deep: Assessing the geological and economic resource potential and legal constraints," Kiel Working Papers 1688, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW).
Mining deep ocean manganese nodules : description and ...
Mining deep ocean manganese nodules : description and economic analysis of a potential venture. [C Thomas Hillman; Burton B Gosling] Home. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help. Search. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search for Contacts Search for a Library. Create ...
Biodiversity near potential seafloor mining areas explored ...
Jul 16, 2018 · Manganese nodules are a potential source of copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese and rare earth elements—metals used in electrical systems and for electronics like rechargeable batteries and touch screens. Deep-sea nodule mining is expected to result in the destruction of marine life and seabed habitats over large areas.